Health A–Z · A
Acne
Acne develops when hair follicles become blocked with oil and skin cells. It can cause blackheads, whiteheads and inflamed spots on the face, chest or back, and may leave scars if severe.
Symptoms
- Blackheads or whiteheads
- Red or tender spots
- Deeper painful lumps or cysts
- Dark marks or scarring after inflammation
Warning signs
Rapidly spreading redness, fever, or severe painful swelling needs prompt assessment. Scarring or substantial distress also deserves early review.
For immediate danger, call Rescue 1122 or seek emergency care.
Possible causes
Blocked hair follicles, excess oil production, inflammation and hormonal changes contribute. Acne is not caused simply by poor hygiene.
Risk factors
- Puberty and hormonal changes
- Family history
- Some medicines
- Oily skin-care products
Diagnosis
A clinician usually identifies acne by examining the skin and assessing severity, scarring and the effect on daily life.
Common tests / investigations
Usually no test is needed. Hormonal assessment may be considered when acne occurs with irregular periods or excess hair growth.
General treatment overview
Options include suitable topical preparations and, for more extensive or persistent acne, prescription medicines. Deep cystic or scarring acne may need specialist care.
Lifestyle guidance
Wash gently, avoid picking spots and choose non-comedogenic skin products. Treatments often need weeks to show benefit.
Prevention
Consistent skin care and early treatment may reduce new lesions and scarring.
Related conditions
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Rosacea
- Folliculitis
Medical references
Original general information informed by recognised medical sources. It does not replace individual physician assessment.